Definition: A fracture through the root of a tooth in a horizontal or transverse direction.
Radiographic Features:
- Location: Can occur in any tooth
- Edge:
- Sharp radiolucent line across the root
- May appear as two lines meeting at the root edge (representing a single fracture plane)
- Shape:
- Usually linear
- Can have a curved or slightly jagged appearance
- Internal structure: Radiolucent fracture line
- Other:
- May or may not show separation of root segments
- Fracture line may be difficult to visualize if parallel to X-ray beam
- Number: Can be single or multiple teeth affected
Key points:
- Most common in anterior teeth due to frontal impact
- Classification based on location:
- Cervical third
- Middle third (most common)
- Apical third
Clinical significance:
- Can affect tooth vitality and long-term prognosis
- Treatment depends on fracture location and severity
- May require splinting, endodontic therapy, or extraction
- Regular follow-up necessary to monitor healing and potential complications
Note: Multiple angulated radiographs may be necessary for accurate diagnosis, as fracture lines can be difficult to visualize. CBCT imaging can provide more detailed information in complex cases.